Captain America Civil War Analysis - Main Character Question

My take on the storyform is a familiar one…

  • Changed
  • Stop
  • Do-er
  • Linear
  • Action
  • Optionlock
  • Success
  • Good
  • Activity
  • Obtaining
  • Self Interest
  • Avoidance

With the out-of-control antics of the Avengers in question and the Sokovia Accords the answer, the dynamic of Uncontrolled as a Symptom and Control as a Response makes the most sense.

This also gives Tony a personal problem of Avoidance (as mentioned above).

Steve is the pain-in-the-ass he always is with his Fixed Attitude and his Driver of Feelings (he really cares about Bucky way too much!)

Their friendship breaks and dissolves by the end of the narrative which is nice for Changing One’s Nature.

And my analysis of Captain America: Civil War for those wanting a permanent record.

I might be way off here, but having seen the film a few times I come up with a very different storyform. I’ll just put it in broad terms here just focusing on the OS.

OS: Fixed Attitude
I realize this is unusual for an action film, but all of the conflict here comes out of what people believe. Tony is convinced that superheroes need reigning in, Steve is convinced (partly from the events of Captain America: Winter Soldier) that the government can’t be trusted to determine his actions, Black Panther is so convinced that Bucky murdered his father that he doesn’t think before he tries to kill him. Zemo is convinced that the Avengers are to blame for his family’s death even though the evidence is actually that they had pretty much no choice in the matter. Colonel Ross, speaking on behalf of the American people (in effect) is convinced superheroes are a danger to society. Go up and down the line and a fixed attitude is always behind conflict, even in something as small as Vision and Scarlet Witch (he’s convinced that people’s fear will make her a monster in their eyes so he tries to keep her locked up.)

Take away any of these fixed attitudes – heck, just put them on pause for five minutes – and the inequity in the story could go away. It’s not until each character lets go of their fixed attitude that the story resolves itself: Tony realizes he’s been wrong about the Accords, Cap realizes he can’t be a rebel and still expect to carry the shield, Black Panther realizes that killing isn’t the answer (even refusing to let Zemo kill himself – despite now knowing it was Zemo who killed his father). Go up and down the line and the source of conflict is the set of fixed attitudes, all stemming from the one issue: should beings with super powers be allowed to walk around doing whatever they think is best.

This is why I think the overall concern is impulsive responses: Scarlet Witch’s impulsive response to stop the bomb leads to a number of deaths which sets up the basis for the accords. Zemo believes the Avengers’ impulsive responses made them utterly ignorant of the small lives they shatter along the way, Tony doesn’t trust his own impulsive responses because of his meeting with the mother of the dead son, and Steve is convinced that he is both responsible for and must trust in his impulsive responses as a hero.

I realize that you can’t look at one domain in isolation, so just quickly: MC is Steve Rogers (sorry, Jim, but nobody in the audience watching that movie – especially the writers, I would argue, given it’s called Captain America: Civil War, would think Tony is the MC). With a resolve of steadfast (he grows into his conviction that he must be free to act according to his conscience – so much so that he’s willing to give up the shield to do it.) The source of conflict for Steve comes from the things he’s doing: every action he takes comes back to bite him in the ass (as Tony so quickly shows him: the events from the opening scene, his attempt to keep the German cops from getting Bucky…etc. All of these aren’t simply actions in service of something, it’s the way Steve does things that creates conflict. I think his issue is Experience (specifically, his experience in the war and in recent events convinces him he has to be allowed to do things his own way.)

IC is Tony Stark, who’s constantly trying to manipulate Steve (and everyone else) to come to his side. Notice the kinds of promises and concessions he tries to make to get Steve to sign, but in the last instant, Steve sees this as manipulation, and thus hands him the pen back. Tony is motivated entirely by his desire for a better future – something we’ve seen time and time again with that character and he speaks of directly in the movie.

Finally, the RS is in situation: two friends are being pulled apart by the way the situation is getting out of control (Concern of How Things Are Changing). The problems between them stem from the way Tony wants to adapt to a changing world and Steve’s seeming inability to stop acting as if it’s still 1945.

So, I could, of course, be way off, but that’s how I see the structure. I can’t think of any other action movie I’ve seen where people spend so much time articulating their entrenched belief about something – and that being the direct impetus for their conflicts.

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It’s been a few weeks since I’ve seen it, but I remember thinking Tony seemed pretty MC-ish at times. I kinda had the feeling that the writers were thinking of it more as another Avengers film than strictly a Captain America film. If that were accurate, it might explain why Tony feels more MC-ish at times.

Also, I suspect the film wasn’t written with Dramatica at the forefront. This is only a guess, but i’d be willing to guess a lot of people involved in the writing and production of the film would tell you that there’s two MCs, which would be another reason Tony feels so much like an MC in a Captain America film, rather than a proper IC.

I’m not arguing or disagreeing here. Just asking. If those Fixed Attitudes go away, does that solve the inequity, or does it just change who joins Team Cap or Team Iron Man. If the Accords go away and the heroes don’t have to register with the government, is there still a problem? Will those Fixed Attitudes still drive a wedge between the Avengers?

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The Fixed Attitude in the OS is the widespread belief that the Avengers are to blame for the deaths that occur when they fight off various threats. So they save Sokovia from total annihilation from the attack by Ultron (referenced in Civil War) but lives are lost in the process. This is obviously a debatable idea – and this fixed attitude is what leads to the Sokovia Accords, the rush to capture and kill Winter Soldier, and the conflicts between the Avengers. Take away this fixed attitude (i.e. replace it with something more nuanced) and the conflicts go away.

There’s a huge difference between what the characters think the problem is from a subjective view and what the story itself is identifying as conflict from an objective viewpoint.

Yes the characters argue about their fixed positions, but that’s not even remotely the source of conflict. This is a superhero action movie where they spend about 90% of the time punching, kicking, landing in that same cliches pose over and over again.

The entire airport sequence isn’t anywhere close to the same kind of conflict experienced in Doubt or Twelve Angry Men or To Kill a Mockingbird. These are stories where the actual Inequity as seen from an objectified view outside of the characters is a Fixed Attitude.

The conflict in this story is so clearly revenge—revenge that requires Iron Man and Cap to go head-to-head—that it can’t be anything else but Activities.

Regardless of who the audience assumes the main character is, the fact of the matter is that Steve has info we don’t know. That means he can’t represent the I perspective. You’re using the same argument everyone uses when it comes to The Shawshank Redemption and Andy. Just because we start with him and focus tons of time on him doesn’t make him the Main Character when it comes to Dramatica’s definition of that Throughline.

Also this:

Does not describe a Relationship Story Throughline. The Domain of the RS does not describe the “Domain” of their argument but rather the kind of conflict felt within a relationship—in this case a friendship. Not once does their status, or reputation, or social standing somehow impact their feelings towards one another.

Your last sentence about Tony wanting Steve to adapt and Steve refusing to change—that defines a relationship challenged by an inability of two manners of thinking to coexist and co-create. The inability for their relationship to grow and mature is the very definition of a Concern (or lack) of Changing Ones Nature.

You could certainly be right about the OS and I defer to your deeper knowledge of Dramatica, but the logic given – that “this is a superhero action movie where they spend about 90% of the time punching, kicking” (hyperbole aside) – strongly implies that the Dramatica domains are defined by whether the quantity of action versus talking. Doubt is a movie that spends all its time in conversations (I think it’s based on the play of the same name, so that makes sense) and thus can be in one of the internal domains, whereas Civil War spends its time in action, thus must be in an external domain – irrespective of the source of the conflicts. No matter how much punching or kicking is going on, the cause of the conflict in Civil War has to do with fundamental disagreements over a fixed attitude about whether or not Superhumans are to blame for the casualties that come with their actions. Not only is this consistently argued (almost every second that isn’t spent punching is spent wrestling with this question), but it’s also not, as you contend, simply what the characters subjectively think it’s about – it’s what it really is about. They aren’t disagreeing about whether the Accords are a good idea because they’re fighting – they’re fighting because they disagree about the Accords.

I also really need to address your point that “this story is so clearly revenge”. It’s really not. One of the criticisms of Civil War is that the entire Zemo subplot is unnecessary to the story. You could keep him out of the movie (and his attendant reveal of Winter Soldier having killed Tony’s parents) and the entire film functions just the same. The whole point – articulated by Zemo himself at the end of the movie – is that the bonds between the Avengers are utterly fragile, that he could use their differences against them. You could certainly say there’s a second storyform inside the movie – one in which the OS is in Manipulation (Zemo is manipulating various players into conflict with each other – remove the manipulation and his efforts at revenge fall apart), and where Tony is the MC (its his parents who die) and Cap is the IC, but that story is so much smaller than the actual Civil War story which – by any measure: what’s on the screen most of the time, what the writers have said about the film, what the audience thinks the film is about – is about superheroes fighting each other over whether or not the Accords should be signed.

To your point about the RS: Steve and Tony have had no problem being friends up until now despite clearly viewing each other as having different beliefs. What’s causing havoc between them is that the situation keeps changing (generally for the worse) and their different reactions to it drive a wedge between them. Take the worsening external situation away and these two guys go off for a beer and make jokes about Tony being a playboy and Steve being an old man.

Again, maybe I’m just misunderstanding the point of Dramatica domains, but I’m pretty sure I’ve seen countless times where someone asks if Dramatica considers action movies to be de-facto about activities or situation and someone saying no, it’s the source of the conflict that defines the domain.

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I’d argue that if you go back before those disagreements arise and look at WHY the Accords are brought in, it’s absolutely an activity OS. The carnage they cause while fighting crime is what ignites those problems. Even ignoring the Zemo stuff (though I’m not sure how this story would function without him), you have the bombings; the death of T’Chaka; the hunt for the Winter Soldier, etc. Lots and lots of activities that raise those questions about whether or not they need to be supervised (which could just be illustrations of a Self-Interest v Morality theme).

As far as I remember, the arguments regarding the Accords are largely kept between Tony and Steve. You have a few scenes with the others commenting on it, but the story at large seems to be about Steve trying to protect the Winter Soldier from the people that want him killed (including Tony), which would put it firmly in Activity.

It’s been a while since I’ve seen it, though.

I’ve seen it pretty recently, and I’d argue that the effort to protect the Winter Soldier is almost entirely in the MC domain. Steve’s concerned about it, but most people are dealing with the Accords, what side to be on, and whether they’re willing to fight each other over that question. Tony’s top priority isn’t the Winter Soldier – he wants the Accords signed. Hawkeye doesn’t care about the Winter Soldier, he’s just siding with Steve against Tony. Natasha’s dilemma isn’t about the Winter Soldier, but about which of these two sides she’s going to choose given her past. At every turn, this is a story about choosing sides. Take out the Winter Soldier storyline and you’d still have Civil War as a complete story. Remove the problem of choosing sides on the Accord and the story falls apart. That’s why, ultimately, I can see a strong argument for two storyforms.

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I love this! I’ve been feeling something about Dramatica. It is almost perfect. The one thing we all might be missing here is that Dramatica is based on the Storymind. The Storymind is based on Human Psychology. Our “manners of thinking”. That means we are not too alike and not too dissimilar. What matters the most is that all FOUR throughlines of thinking are taken into account when Solving the inequity. Both Jim and Sébastien have solid arguments. And both storyforms make sense. What’s got me geeking out is how each person applies the theory when crafting a story. The audience reception (influenced by their station, life experiences etc) is unique to each individual Storymind. I mean, Melanie still swears James Bond is the antagonist. And I tend to lean more in that direction. Lol

Everyone in the entire story is dealing with the fallout from Cap’s efforts to protect Bucky. I feel like maybe I saw a different movie.

I am.

By your logic Star Wars, The Matrix, Unforgiven, and the 115 other films with an Overall Story Throughline in Activities should really be in Fixed Attitudes. Yes, they’re fighting because they disagree about the Accords, but the fighting is creating the death and destruction, NOT the Fixed Attitudes.

Fixed Attitudes in Doubt lead to more boys being raped. Fixed Attitudes in To Kill a Mockingbird continue the history of racial prejudice. These are stories where fixed attitudes create inequity.

If they stopped fighting and trying to save everyone, there would be no call for the Accords. They’re trying to contain the Avengers. Not because of their Attitudes, but because of the problematic Activities they inflict (not purposefully) on everyone.

I used hyperbole because it’s super clear the extent of conflict in this story.

No matter how much punching or kicking is going on, the cause of the conflict in Civil War has to do with fundamental disagreements over a fixed attitude about whether or not Superhumans are to blame for the casualties that come with their actions.

And if they stopped disagreeing over this, would people stop dying???

No, the Avengers would continue to avenge and more buildings would be dropped on innocent people.

Not only is this consistently argued (almost every second that isn’t spent punching is spent wrestling with this question), but it’s also not, as you contend, simply what the characters subjectively think it’s about – it’s what it really is about.

In other words, you’re focusing on Fixed Attitudes as subject matter - as if what they’re arguing about is actually creating conflict.

I also really need to address your point that “this story is so clearly revenge”. It’s really not. One of the criticisms of Civil War is that the entire Zemo subplot is unnecessary to the story. You could keep him out of the movie (and his attendant reveal of Winter Soldier having killed Tony’s parents) and the entire film functions just the same.

I’m not really sure what to say to this.

If Tony doesn’t see that the Winter Soldier killed his parents, then he doesn’t go after both the WS and Cap. That’s why they fought at the end. Tony seeking revenge (killing, i.e. ACTIVITIES) only happens because of this reveal.

I don’t know who contends that Zemo is unnecessary, but that is categorically kooky.

by any measure: what’s on the screen most of the time, what the writers have said about the film, what the audience thinks the film is about – is about superheroes fighting each other over whether or not the Accords should be signed.

YES!!! Superheroes fighting each other over whether or not the Accords should be signed is clearly what the film is about.

Fighting is an activity.

If you stop that activity, then there’s no film.

To your point about the RS: Steve and Tony have had no problem being friends up until now despite clearly viewing each other as having different beliefs. What’s causing havoc between them is that the situation keeps changing (generally for the worse) and their different reactions to it drive a wedge between them. Take the worsening external situation away and these two guys go off for a beer and make jokes about Tony being a playboy and Steve being an old man.

This is both a misunderstanding of the appreciation of Situation and its use specifically within the Relationship Story Throughline.

Again, you’re using the story point as subject matter. This is the same mistake writers make when they write, “Bob is in a difficult situation and he keeps thinking of the past” as if that somehow makes him both a Main Character in Situation and a Main Character with a Concern of the Past.

It doesn’t.

The relationship is NOT about what either side thinks is problematic - the relationship is about the inequity BETWEEN two individuals. It’s an actual thing that many writers–particularly male writers–have a huge problem understanding.

In the Mentorship Program I work diligently to help writers stop thinking in terms of he said/she said and instead thinking in terms of a relationship, and its purpose in the greater understanding of narrative. Linear thinkers like to think of what one side thinks and then what the other side thinks because that matches up with their idea of a relationship being a thing two people get into.

It’s not.

That was the big problem with the Main vs. Impact Character nomenclature and the idea that two soldiers meet and engage in an emotional argument. Conceptually this is OK, but it unfortunately leads everyone to think that the relationship story is an argument and that the subject matter of that argument is somehow reflected in the storyform.

It’s not.

For a Relationship Story Throughline to be in Situation - there has to be an actual fixed external problem between them. The easiest way to visualize this is To Kill a Mockingbird. The racism in the Overall Story – which is presented as internal problem – is reflected in the local racism of Scout scared of the boogie man (Boo). They’re externally situated next to each other and they’re externally situated to reflect the same kind of racisim in the larger picture in their own relationship.

Same thing in Doubt - there you have the situational conflict between a Priest and a Nun. That inequity with their positions is what is really at play between them. That’s where the power play comes into being.

Again, maybe I’m just misunderstanding the point of Dramatica domains, but I’m pretty sure I’ve seen countless times where someone asks if Dramatica considers action movies to be de-facto about activities or situation and someone saying no, it’s the source of the conflict that defines the domain.

The Domains define what the conflict looks like from the different perspectives. From an objective viewpoint, the kind of conflict the characters in Captain America: Civil War engage in is an activity.

Specifically, fighting, kicking, punching, throwing around, entangling in webs, blowing up buildings, accidentally blowing up buildings, car chases, motorcycle chases, chases through buildings, chases up and down stairs, fighting in an enclosed spaces, fighting in open spaces, and so on.

I’ve seen it pretty recently, and I’d argue that the effort to protect the Winter Soldier is almost entirely in the MC domain. Steve’s concerned about it, but most people are dealing with the Accords, what side to be on, and whether they’re willing to fight each other over that question. Tony’s top priority isn’t the Winter Soldier – he wants the Accords signed. Hawkeye doesn’t care about the Winter Soldier, he’s just siding with Steve against Tony. Natasha’s dilemma isn’t about the Winter Soldier, but about which of these two sides she’s going to choose given her past. At every turn, this is a story about choosing sides.

You’ve just described what every character is dealing with subjectively. That isn’t what Dramatica is looking at. Dramatica is looking at what the Author is presenting as the story.

Yes, they choose sides. But the actual conflict comes when the two sides actually fight.

The whole point of the narrative was to pit Captain America against Iron Man and split the Avengers apart. That was the overriding goal of the story. That is why Zemo works perfectly as the Protagonist, and why–for some reason–you feel yourself subconsciously rooting and waiting for that moment when they finally go at it.

Take out the Winter Soldier storyline and you’d still have Civil War as a complete story.

There would be no motivation for Tony to attack Captain America and therefore split apart the Avengers. There would be motivation for Captain America to fight against the German SAS or anyone else for that matter.

Bucky and Zemo are so integral to the narrative, I’m not really sure how anyone else can say otherwise.

Ha! You did: I saw “Captain America: Civil War” and you saw “Tony Stark: I’m Angry About Mom & Dad”.

Again, I think there’s a valid case for two story forms. If you collapse it to one, then without the Civil War part, all that would happen is this:

Tony: “They say Winter Soldier blew up a building.”
Steve: “He wouldn’t do that. I know him, Tony.”
Tony: “Okay, I believe you. Let’s find him and figure out what’s going on.”

For almost the entire movie, the Winter Soldier subplot is nothing more than a means to escalate the tensions created by the Accords. It could have been almost any other super hero or event and everything would still work the same because the problem is the Accords, not whether a particular superhero or villain is out there.

It’s only at the very end of the movie (after the OS through line is largely resolved because Tony has come to realize that Cap was right all along – remember when he says to the Avengers in prison something like, “Tell me where he is. I’m going to help him” and Falcon replies, “I believe you” – this is when the whole Civil War thing comes to an end.) We then get this kind of extra chapter that in many ways feels out of place in which we suddenly get a ton of exposition to explain why Tony and Cap are now at odds over Winter Soldier (throughout the entire movie, Tony doesn’t give a crap about Winter Soldier except that it’s causing problems with the Accords). We get a long, drawn out explanation of a set of motives that largely weren’t apparent in the rest of the film that justifies a fight between Iron Man and Cap.

Again, I think it’s totally fair to say it often feels like there are two MC’s in this film, and thus two story forms – one in which the Winter Soldier stuff is a device for giving us an excuse to let the divisions over the Accords to blow up into cinematic violence, and one in which it’s about the hunt for an ex-villain in which the Accords are just a backdrop.

But if you take away the divisions over the Accords, nothing in this movie would make any sense. The Avengers wouldn’t be fighting each other – they’d simply trust in Cap as they always do. Take away Winter Soldier, and all you need is General Ross calling Tony and saying, “The United Nations reached a resolution five minutes ago: every super being who’s refused to sign the Accords is to be arrested. Since America is a signatory, the Avengers have been ordered to go get them.”

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Audience reception is unique to the individual, yet the message of the narrative–the storyform–is objective, not subjective.

The missing point here is an understanding of the Dramatica definitions of Situation, Fixed Attitude, Activities, and Manners of Thinking and the way they contextualize conflict when placed under the perspectives of Overall Story, Main Character, Influence Character, and Relationship Story.

The simplest way I’ve learned how to understand how this all works together is to watch the films that have analyses already there and learn why the storyform that is there is there. Understand the various terminology and understand the perspectives.

You don’t have to take twenty years like I have – you can do it just by visiting dramatica.com/analysis and watching a film or two. Or many that have the same Genre (alignment of Throughlines) and begin to develop an understanding of how those narratives feel. Eventually you’ll develop an instinct and an intuitive understanding of where Throughlines fall.

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Again, you’re making the classic mistake of looking to the subjective viewpoints of the characters in order to determine the storyform. It’s not about whether or not a superhero or villian is “out there” that is a subjective view from the character’s point of view.

There IS a superhero/villian out there and his presence motivates all kinds of problematic Activities.

You can’t argue for two storyforms if you don’t understand the objective measure of a storyform.

Only saw your response after I’d already posted mine.

To just cut down to one – apparently overriding – aspect of this, if you say that the domains represent not the sources of conflict but the expression of it, then okay: all action movies are Activities, all Fixed Attitude movies are talking heads. The thing is, that kind of removes any utility for the four domains, rendering them only a means of grouping the sub-elements beneath them. It means that in any action movie, the RS can never be about fixed attitudes. Sure, you can have one car crash in the story, but get to two, and that RS better be in manipulation.

I’m framing it a bit facetiously here but only to press for clarity: if Civil War’s OS Domain is defined inexorably by the fact that there’s a lot of punching and kicking on the screen, then that simply puts all action-based stories in Activity. From the standpoint of a novelist, I can’t imagine limiting myself to that degree.

And that’s the real problem here.

You’re thinking like a novelist and thinking subjectively about the storyform. Novelists traditionally struggle the most with Dramatica because they’re always looking towards the motivations of their characters and where they’re coming from because in a book they’re inside the heads of their characters for so much of the time.

Screenwriters find Dramatica easier because they can’t write the character’s thoughts–they can only describe what is seen on-screen from an objective viewpoint.

This isn’t to say Dramatica is any less useful because of the medium. Harper Lee wrote complete storyforms. As did Shakespeare.

When it comes to Dramatica, it’s the message of the narrative being presented that is most important, now what characters think conflict is coming from.

Your facetious example fails to take the time to understand what an objective view of conflict looks like within a storyform. There are several action movies where the Relationship Story is in Fixed Attitude. The Fugitive is one classic example.

Civil War’s Overall Story Domain is defined by the kind of conflict seen in the story. The conflict seen in the story, from an AUTHOR’S point-of-view, is the punching and kicking and fighting–basically the whole CIVIL WAR part.

The arguments that you see as to why one sees the Accords as necessary and one as bad are represented by the two perspectives found in the Main Character and Influence Character Throughlines.

And I can pretty much guarantee – without every having met them – that the author of that story would not agree that the conflict is the punching/kicking. They would, I’m almost positive, tell you that the conflict is over their different positions over the essential thematic question: should superheroes be allowed to operate freely or not? The reason I’m so confident in that assertion is that I’ve never in my life met an author who thought the source of conflict was punching and kicking. It is the response to a source of conflict.

I’ve read the Fugitive analysis a bunch of times over the years, and I honestly can’t make the leap that the OS is in situation. The MC is in a tough situation, but everyone else is concerned with finding him. What situation are the Marshals in? What situation is the real killer in?

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Wouldn’t it be useful to contrast/compare with the storyform of the incredibles (in addition to the fugitive)? It’s a superhero action movie with its OS Domain in Psychology/Manipulations, so not Mind/Fixed Attitude, but still something other than Physics/Activities.

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