No, I don’t think you have to show the CF overcoming the UA every time it shows up when the ultimate resolution will be Failure. You should definitely show both of them, so the readers can start to think, “Will the MC overcome the CF and wield their UA effectively?”
As to the difference between the UA and the Catalyst, for me the chief difference is that the Catalyst is about a Throughline and what causes it to come to conflict, whereas the UA is embedded in a character and describes how they interact with another Throughline. The OS Catalyst is part of the Overall Throughline, which means characters pass it back and forth as the story wills. The IC UA (for example) is the IC’s special power to make the Main Character change. They never give that ability up, just use it to greater or lesser effect, depending on how heavy the CF is on them.